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We investigated how granular material flow transitions after feed rate changes. A distinct wedge of particles moves, with its speed depending on time, and the process is modeled using a diffusion-like equation.

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Area of Science:

  • * Physics of granular materials
  • * Fluid dynamics and non-Newtonian flows
  • * Computational physics and simulations

Background:

  • * Understanding the dynamics of granular materials is crucial in various fields, including engineering and geophysics.
  • * Previous studies often focused on steady-state or different boundary conditions for granular flows.
  • * The transition dynamics of granular flows under changing conditions remain less explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the transient behavior of non-cohesive granular material flow in bounded heaps after a sudden change in feed rate.
  • * To characterize the propagation dynamics of the flowing granular material during the transition.
  • * To develop and validate a mathematical model for describing this transition process.

Main Methods:

  • * Conducted experiments using quasi-two-dimensional bounded heaps of non-cohesive granular materials.
  • * Performed numerical simulations to complement and validate experimental observations.
  • * Developed a moving boundary model incorporating local mass balance and flux-surface slope relationships.

Main Results:

  • * Observed a distinct wedge of flowing particles propagating downstream during the transition.
  • * Found the wedge front velocity to be inversely proportional to the square root of time.
  • * Identified a longer-duration transient process occurring after the initial wedge propagation.

Conclusions:

  • * The transition in granular flow is characterized by a time-dependent wedge propagation.
  • * The observed phenomena can be effectively modeled as a moving boundary problem.
  • * The study provides a framework for understanding and predicting granular flow transitions.