Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Automatic Laser-based Geometry Capture for Finite Element Analysis of Weld Beads
Published on: July 25, 2025
Modeling of the interaction of an x-ray free-electron laser with large finite samples
O Peyrusse1, J-M André2, P Jonnard2
1Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7345, PIIM, Marseille, France.
Abstract:
We describe a model for the study of the interaction of short x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses with large finite samples. Hydrodynamics is solved in one-dimensional planar geometry with consideration of the electron-ion energy exchange and of the possible elastoplastic behavior. From a time-dependent calculation of the complex refractive index and of the underlying atomic physics, XFEL energy deposition is modeled through a calculation of the radiation field in the material. In the case of hard x-ray irradiation, energetic electrons induced by the XFEL absorption can propagate and deposit their energy outside the interaction region. Simulations of the interaction of hard x-ray ultrashort pulses with solid materials Ru and Si at different grazing incidence angles are presented and discussed. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of this approach to predict damage dynamics for materials of interest for x-ray optics.
Related Concept Videos
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
X-ray Crystallography
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Electron Orbital Model
The first shell is closest to the nucleus, and it has only one subshell with a single spherical orbital called the...
Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer
Conservation of Mass in Finite Cotrol Volume
A system is defined as a collection of unchanging contents, and the conservation of mass states that a system's mass is constant.

