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Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures

Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures

Published on: August 10, 2017

Orbitals for classical arbitrary anisotropic colloidal potentials.

Martin Girard¹, Trung Dac Nguyen¹, Monica Olvera de la Cruz¹

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.

Physical Review. E

|January 20, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new method for simulating anisotropic interactions in mesoscale simulations, making complex particle behaviors computationally accessible. This approach reveals rich phase behaviors in charged colloids, including crystals, gels, and liquids.

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Area of Science:

Computational physics
Soft matter physics
Materials science

Background:

Mesoscale simulations are crucial for understanding complex systems.
Anisotropic interactions are vital for accurately modeling many materials but are computationally challenging.
Existing methods for effective interactions are limited, especially for anisotropic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a general formulation for computing anisotropic potentials in mesoscale simulations.
To demonstrate the computational efficiency of this new method using Fourier-based techniques.
To investigate the phase behavior of charged Janus colloids with varying screening lengths.

Main Methods:

A novel formulation based on spatial decomposition of density fields, analogous to atomic orbitals.
Efficient computation of anisotropic potentials using Fourier-based numerical methods.
Simulation of charged Janus colloids in screened media to analyze phase transitions.

Main Results:

The proposed method enables efficient computation of anisotropic potentials.
Charged Janus colloids exhibit diverse morphologies (vapor, liquid, gel, crystal) dependent on temperature and screening length.
The crystalline phase is observed only for symmetric Janus particles, with distinct phase transition pathways based on screening length.

Conclusions:

The developed formulation provides a powerful tool for simulating complex anisotropic interactions.
This method accurately captures the rich phase behavior of charged colloids, including unique crystalline structures.
The approach is extensible to time- and orientation-dependent force fields, broadening its applicability to polymers and magnetic colloids.