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Related Concept Videos

Proliferative Phase01:20

Proliferative Phase

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The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
Notably, the stratum basale, the basal layer of the endometrium, including the basal parts of the uterine glands, remains unaffected by menstruation. Stem cells in this layer undergo mitosis, regenerating the stratum functionalis and thickening the...
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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Quantification of Vascular Parameters in Whole Mount Retinas of Mice with Non-Proliferative and Proliferative Retinopathies
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Cetuximab-Associated Crescentic Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis.

Sukesh Manthri1, Sindhura Bandaru1, Anthony Chang2

  • 1Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL, USA.

Case Reports in Nephrology
|January 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cetuximab treatment rarely causes kidney damage. This case highlights a severe form of glomerulonephritis linked to cetuximab, emphasizing the need for careful renal monitoring in patients receiving EGFR inhibitors.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, is used in cancer therapy.
  • Nephrotoxicity from cetuximab is uncommon, affecting less than 1% of colorectal cancer patients.
  • Limited data exists on cetuximab-induced nephrotoxicity in other cancer types.

Observation:

  • A 65-year-old female developed acute renal failure and nephrotic-range proteinuria post-cetuximab treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
  • Renal biopsy revealed crescentic diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with thrombotic microangiopathy features.
  • Standard serological tests for autoimmune and infectious causes of glomerulonephritis were negative.

Findings:

  • The patient's condition rapidly progressed, necessitating hemodialysis.
  • Histopathological findings indicated severe glomerular injury.
  • Despite treatment with cyclophosphamide and steroids, renal function did not improve.

Implications:

  • This case suggests cetuximab may trigger or worsen severe glomerular injury, potentially an IgA-mediated process.
  • Physicians should exercise caution and monitor renal function closely in patients treated with EGFR inhibitors like cetuximab.
  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of cetuximab-induced nephrotoxicity.