[Postoperative uretero-vaginal fistula in a duplicated excretory system]

A case is presented of uretero-vaginal fistula following hysterectomy for multiple fibromatosis. Duplicity of the left urinary tract, with caudal ectopy of ureteral opening of the branch draining the upper renal pole, could explain "a posteriori" some singularities of the clinical behaviour, i.e. combination of both controlled micturitions and continuous urinary loss "per vaginam" with seemingly normal urography. Postoperative chromocystoscopy afforded the correct diagnosis and surgical repair was followed by uneventful recovery. Preoperative assessment by urography and cystoscopy is therefore recommended prior to undertaking pelvic surgery, in order to promptly recognise complications to urinary tract, should they occur.