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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

7.8K
Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
7.8K
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

18
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
18
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

18
Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
18
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

18
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
18
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
32.5K

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Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
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Progestogen Hypersensitivity.

Rung-Chi Li1, Kathleen M Buchheit2, Jonathan A Bernstein3

  • 1Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|January 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Progestogen hypersensitivity (PH) causes allergic reactions to progesterone from contraceptives or natural cycles. New desensitization protocols offer effective long-term management for this condition.

Keywords:
Autoimmune progesterone dermatitisCase presentationClinical characteristicsDesensitizationDiagnosis and treatmentProgestogen hypersensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Progestogen hypersensitivity (PH) is a rare condition affecting women of childbearing age.
  • Symptoms range from skin eruptions to anaphylaxis, often linked to exogenous or endogenous progesterone exposure.

Observation:

  • PH recognition is challenging due to varied clinical presentations.
  • The term "progestogen hypersensitivity" is proposed to replace "autoimmune progesterone dermatitis" due to lack of autoimmune evidence.
  • Diagnostic and treatment algorithms are now available.

Findings:

  • Progesterone desensitization protocols are emerging as the safest and most effective long-term treatment for PH.
  • Increased use of contraceptives and IVF progesterone support may increase PH prevalence.
  • Collaboration between allergists, gynecologists, and reproductive endocrinologists is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Implications:

  • Early recognition and diagnosis of PH are essential for effective management.
  • Further research into PH pathomechanisms and treatment optimization is warranted.
  • The findings highlight the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in managing complex hypersensitivity disorders.