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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Hippocampal Neuronal Cultures to Detect and Study New Pathogenic Antibodies Involved in Autoimmune Encephalitis
Published on: June 2, 2022
Autoimmune encephalitis associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies: a case series
Faruk Incecik1, Ozlem M Herguner2, Seyda Besen2
1Department of Pediatric Neurology, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey. fincecik@yahoo.com.
Abstract:
Antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) are associated with various neurologic conditions described in patients including stiff person syndrome, cerebellar ataxia, refractory epilepsy, limbic and extralimbic encephalitis. GAD antibodies-related limbic encephalitis cases are well described; reports of extralimbic involvement are limited. We describe four cases of GAD antibody-related autoimmune encephalitis. Three of them had extralimbic involvement and only one had limbic encephalitis.
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