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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Ultra-long Read Sequencing for Whole Genomic DNA Analysis
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Ultra-long Read Sequencing for Whole Genomic DNA Analysis

Published on: March 15, 2019

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Analyzing similarities in genome sequences.

I C Fonseca1, E Nogueira1, P H Figueirêdo2

  • 1Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.

The European Physical Journal. E, Soft Matter
|January 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Analyzing mitochondrial DNA sequences reveals that word length and frequency best group species. Longer words yield more consistent groupings, aiding evolutionary history understanding.

Keywords:
Living systems: Biological Matter

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences are crucial for understanding evolutionary relationships.
  • Assessing sequence similarity often involves complex comparative analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sequence similarity in complete mitochondrial DNA using word frequency analysis.
  • To determine the optimal word lengths and frequencies for accurate species grouping.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of relative frequencies of words of varying lengths within mtDNA sequences.
  • Calculation of sequence similarity based on distances between identified words.
  • Evaluation of grouping consistency across different species based on word characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Species groupings are most effective when based on specific word lengths and their relative frequencies.
  • Increased word length leads to more consistent and reliable groupings among mtDNA sequences.
  • The distribution and relevance of words vary significantly across different species' mtDNA.

Conclusions:

  • Word-based frequency analysis provides a robust method for assessing mtDNA similarity.
  • This approach can enhance the accuracy of phylogenetic tree construction for evolutionary studies.
  • The findings support the use of specific sequence features for classifying species and understanding their evolutionary divergence.