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Sex differences in abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Austin C Boese1, Lin Chang2, Ke-Jie Yin3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
|January 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a serious vascular condition. This review highlights sex differences in AAA, focusing on how sex hormones influence the disease and patient outcomes.

Keywords:
abdominal aortic aneurysmandrogen signalingestrogen signalingsex differencessex steroid hormones

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening vascular disorder with a high mortality rate upon rupture.
  • The multifactorial etiology of AAA remains incompletely understood, with significant sex-based disparities in incidence and prognosis.
  • While more common in men, women experience higher rupture risk and poorer outcomes, potentially due to estrogen's protective effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review current research on abdominal aortic aneurysm pathophysiology.
  • To emphasize the critical role of sex differences in AAA development and progression.
  • To explore the influence of sex steroid hormone signaling on AAA pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on AAA.
  • Analysis of data from human studies, animal models, and cell culture experiments.
  • Focus on research investigating sex-specific factors and hormonal signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Significant sex differences exist in AAA prevalence, rupture risk, and prognosis.
  • Estrogen may offer protection against AAA, particularly in premenopausal women.
  • Women are typically diagnosed with AAA at older ages compared to men.

Conclusions:

  • Sex and sex steroid hormones are crucial determinants of AAA pathophysiology.
  • Understanding these sex differences is vital for developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Further research into hormonal signaling pathways is warranted to improve patient outcomes.