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Researchers observed a novel, reversible transition in liquid bismuth (Bi) under high pressure and temperature. This anomalous decrease in electrical resistivity suggests a new phase in molten Bi, detailed on its pressure-temperature phase diagram.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • High-Pressure Geophysics

Background:

  • Understanding the behavior of materials under extreme conditions is crucial for various scientific fields.
  • Bismuth (Bi) exhibits complex phase transitions, making it a key subject for high-pressure research.
  • Previous studies on Bi have explored its solid-state properties, but its liquid phase behavior under pressure remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrical resistance of solid and liquid bismuth (Bi) at high pressures and temperatures.
  • To identify and characterize any novel transitions occurring in molten Bi beyond its melting point.
  • To map the pressure-temperature phase diagram of Bi, focusing on the newly observed liquid-phase transition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel experimental design with a "Paris-Edinburgh" toroid large volume press for high-sensitivity electrical resistance measurements.
  • Performed measurements on solid and liquid Bi across a range of high pressures and temperatures.
  • Conducted both heating and cooling cycles to assess the reversibility of observed phenomena.

Main Results:

  • Observed an anomalous, sharp decrease in electrical resistivity with increasing temperature at constant pressures in the liquid phase of Bi.
  • Confirmed the reversibility of this transition across various pressures and during both heating and cooling cycles.
  • Determined a distinct "phase-line" for this novel transition on the Bi pressure-temperature phase diagram, which terminates at the melting curve.

Conclusions:

  • The observed anomalous resistivity decrease indicates a possible novel phase transition in molten bismuth (Bi) under high pressure.
  • This transition is reversible and can be mapped onto the Bi pressure-temperature phase diagram.
  • The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of material behavior under extreme conditions and the fundamental physics of liquid metals.