Bioceramics in endodontics - a review

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Materials Science
• Regenerative Dentistry

Background:

• Bioceramics encompass materials like Alumina, Zirconia, Bioactive glass, Glass ceramics, Hydroxyapatite, and resorbable Calcium phosphates.
• These materials are utilized in dentistry for bony defect filling, root repair, apical filling, perforation sealing, endodontic sealing, and regeneration.
• Key advantages include biocompatibility, non-toxicity, dimensional stability, and bio-inertness, crucial for endodontic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of bioceramics, their classification, and advantages in endodontics.
• To detail individual bioceramic materials used in endodontics, including their properties and applications.
• To highlight the role of bioceramics in promoting osteoconductive activity and regenerative responses.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of bioceramic materials in endodontics.
• Classification of bioceramics based on composition (Calcium Phosphate/Tricalcium/Hydroxyapatite-based, Calcium Silicate-based, or mixtures).
• Analysis of properties and applications of specific bioceramic materials.

Main Results:

• Bioceramics exhibit significant biocompatibility, bio-inertness, and osteoconductive properties.
• They are effective in various endodontic applications, including sealing, repair, and regeneration.
• Classification reveals distinct categories based on chemical composition, influencing their clinical performance.

Conclusions:

• Bioceramics represent a valuable class of materials in endodontics due to their favorable biological and physical properties.
• Their application extends from simple sealing to complex regenerative procedures.
• Further understanding of individual bioceramic properties can optimize their use in advanced dental treatments.