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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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The lower respiratory tract is anatomically composed of several vital structures, including the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, alveoli, lungs, and pleurae. Each component has a specific function, and all are intricately connected to ensure efficient respiration.
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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
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Long noncoding RNAs in respiratory diseases.

Jiaxiang Zhang1, Yong Zhu1, Ruilan Wang2

  • 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Histology and Histopathology
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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial in biological processes and human diseases like cancer. This review explores lncRNA functions in respiratory diseases, highlighting their therapeutic potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Medical Science

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in cellular functions.
  • Dysregulation of lncRNAs is implicated in various human pathologies, including cancer and cardiovascular conditions.
  • Understanding lncRNA involvement in respiratory diseases is an evolving area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of long non-coding RNA functions in respiratory diseases.
  • To highlight the significance of lncRNAs in the context of non-small cell lung cancer.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and future research directions for lncRNAs in broader respiratory conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies utilizing RNA microarrays and high-throughput sequencing.
  • Analysis of research focusing on lncRNA roles in human diseases, particularly respiratory conditions.
  • Synthesis of findings related to lncRNA functions and potential therapeutic applications.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs play significant roles in diverse biological processes.
  • Evidence links lncRNAs to various human diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease.
  • Current research predominantly focuses on lncRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are important in respiratory diseases, with current studies mainly focused on non-small cell lung cancer.
  • Further investigation is needed to elucidate lncRNA functions in other respiratory diseases.
  • Targeting lncRNAs presents a potential novel therapeutic strategy for respiratory diseases, requiring further biological and clinical validation.