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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules01:18

Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules

Bioequivalence in generic drugs, such as tablets and capsules, refers to their pharmaceutical equivalence to the brand-name counterparts. However, for therapeutic equivalence, manufacturers must also consider physical attributes like size, shape, and weight (FDA Guidance for Industry, December 2003). Discrepancies in these aspects could impact patient compliance and cause medication errors. For instance, swallowing difficulties, often experienced with larger tablets or capsules, can lead to...
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...

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Printing Thermoresponsive Reverse Molds for the Creation of Patterned Two-component Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culture
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Infill Pattern-Dependent Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Release Behavior of FDM 3D-Printed Resveratrol Amorphous

Lianghao Huang1, Kai Zheng1, Xiaofeng Chen2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.

Polymers
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

3D printing with fused deposition modeling (FDM) allows customization of resveratrol (RSV) tablets. Infill patterns significantly influence mechanical properties and drug release, offering a new way to control oral dosage forms.

Keywords:
3D printinghot-melt extrusioninfill patternsprogrammed drug releaseresveratrol

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Materials Science
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Resveratrol (RSV) exhibits therapeutic potential but suffers from poor solubility and bioavailability.
  • Additive manufacturing (AM), specifically FDM 3D printing, offers a versatile platform for creating customized oral dosage forms.
  • Integrating hot-melt extrusion (HME) with FDM printing enables the fabrication of complex drug delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of infill patterns in FDM 3D-printed tablets on the characteristics and in vitro release of resveratrol.
  • To explore the potential of HME-FDM 3D printing for developing advanced oral dosage forms of poorly soluble drugs like RSV.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of RSV-loaded filaments using HME with selected polymeric carriers (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, hydroxypropyl cellulose).
  • Fabrication of RSV-loaded tablets via FDM 3D printing with varied infill patterns.
  • Characterization of solid-state properties (DSC, PXRD, PLM), dimensional accuracy, mechanical strength, floating behavior, and in vitro drug release.

Main Results:

  • RSV was successfully converted to an amorphous or molecularly dispersed state during HME-FDM processing.
  • 3D-printed tablets exhibited good shape fidelity, with infill patterns affecting weight, mechanical strength, and floating duration.
  • In vitro drug release was significantly influenced by infill architecture, with more complex patterns generally leading to slower release.
  • RSV release followed a combination of diffusion and polymer relaxation mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Infill pattern is a critical design parameter for modulating the mechanical properties and drug release profiles of FDM 3D-printed RSV tablets.
  • HME-FDM 3D printing is a viable technology for producing oral dosage forms with tunable release characteristics for poorly soluble drugs.
  • This approach provides a flexible strategy for designing customized pharmaceutical products with controlled drug delivery.