Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026
11:05
Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish Embryos
Published on: July 7, 2014
38.3K
The AGP-PPARγ axis promotes oxidative stress and diabetic endothelial cell dysfunction
Ryoko Tsukahara1, Hisao Haniu2, Yoshikazu Matsuda3
1Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|January 23, 2018
Summary
Alkyl-glycerophosphate (AGP) activates PPARγ, increasing nitric oxide (NO) and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). This pathway contributes to diabetes-related atherosclerosis progression.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Research
- Metabolic Disease Research
- Endothelial Biology
Background:
- Alkyl-glycerophosphate (AGP) is found in oxidized LDL and atherosclerotic plaques.
- Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) may regulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO).
- NO and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) contribute to vascular damage, with elevated levels in diabetes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of AGP on NO- and AGE-mediated endothelial dysfunction.
- To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying AGP's role in vascular health.
Main Methods:
- Investigated AGP's effects on eNOS expression and NO production.
- Utilized eNOS silencing and PPARγ antagonism to assess pathway involvement.
- Measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) and AGE formation.
Main Results:
- AGP upregulated eNOS expression and NO production.
- eNOS silencing and PPARγ antagonism blocked AGP-induced eNOS upregulation and NO production.
- AGP-PPARγ axis-mediated NO production enhanced ROS generation and AGE formation.
Conclusions:
- AGP promotes endothelial dysfunction via the PPARγ pathway.
- AGP-induced NO production contributes to oxidative stress and AGE formation.
- AGP plays a role in the initiation and progression of diabetes-related atherosclerosis.
Related Concept Videos
01:37Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
66.7K
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
66.7K
03:14Oxidation Numbers
43.3K
In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
43.3K
02:40The Eukaryotic Promoter Region
19.0K
The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences. The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
19.0K
01:15Pyruvate Oxidation
169.6K
After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...
169.6K
01:20Pathophysiology of Diabetes
3.7K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
3.7K
01:16Perpendicular-Axis Theorem
4.6K
The perpendicular-axis theorem states that the moment of inertia of a planar object about an axis perpendicular to its plane is equal to the sum of the moments of inertia about two mutually perpendicular concurrent axes lying in the plane of the body.
Consider a circular disc of mass M and radius R lying along an x-y plane. The origin lies at the center of the disc, and the z-axis is perpendicular to the disc's plane. All three axes coincide at the disc's center. The moment of inertia of this...
Consider a circular disc of mass M and radius R lying along an x-y plane. The origin lies at the center of the disc, and the z-axis is perpendicular to the disc's plane. All three axes coincide at the disc's center. The moment of inertia of this...
4.6K