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Cognitive control in the prefrontal cortex: A central or distributed executive?

Lars Nyberg1,2,3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive control relies on the prefrontal cortex (PFC). This review finds the PFC supports distinct control systems for attention and memory, suggesting a distributed executive function.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive control enables goal achievement through adaptive action.
  • The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is hypothesized to be crucial for cognitive control.
  • Understanding domain-specificity versus domain-generality of cognitive control is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on domain-general versus domain-specific cognitive control.
  • To focus on the roles of attention and memory in cognitive control.
  • To examine PFC involvement across different cognitive domains.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies investigating cognitive control demands, performance, and brain activity.
  • Analysis of prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity patterns.
  • Inclusion of studies directly comparing cognitive control across domains.

Main Results:

  • Increased cognitive control demands consistently activate the PFC within specific domains.
  • Limited overlap was found in recruited PFC regions across different cognitive domains (attention vs. memory).
  • PFC activity correlates with performance and cognitive control demands.

Conclusions:

  • The PFC supports multiple, distinct cognitive control systems.
  • These systems collectively contribute to a distributed executive function.
  • Evidence suggests domain-specific rather than purely domain-general PFC involvement in cognitive control.