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Inertial Frames of Reference01:03

Inertial Frames of Reference

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Newton’s first law is usually considered to be a statement about reference frames. It provides a method for identifying a special type of reference frame: the inertial reference frame. In principle, we can make the net force on a body zero. If its velocity relative to a given frame is constant, then that frame is said to be inertial. So, by definition, an inertial reference frame is a reference frame where Newton's first law holds valid. Newton's first law applies to objects with...
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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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Frames are essential components of various mechanical and structural systems used daily. These structures are known for their stability and ability to bear heavy loads. A frame is constructed using two-force and multi-force members, interconnected using pin joints. In contrast, trusses are made entirely of two-force members.
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Frames: Problem Solving I01:24

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Related Experiment Video

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Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
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Integrating multisensory information across external and motor-based frames of reference.

Yuqi Liu1, Jared Medina1

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, United States.

Cognition
|January 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The mirror box illusion shows multisensory integration is stronger with external frame congruence. External congruence is weighted more heavily than motor-based congruence in this process.

Keywords:
Frame of referenceMirror boxMultisensory integrationOwnershipProprioceptive shift

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Perception

Background:

  • The mirror box illusion demonstrates how the brain integrates visual and proprioceptive information.
  • Synchronous bimanual movements enhance the illusory shift, indicating stronger multisensory integration.
  • Congruence in both motor-based and external frames of reference influences this integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate the contributions of external versus motor-based congruence in multisensory integration.
  • To investigate how spatial frames of reference affect the mirror box illusion.
  • To determine which frame of reference is more heavily weighted in multisensory integration.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed synchronous or asynchronous tapping movements with varying hand postures (same vs. opposing).
  • Experiments manipulated congruence in external and motor-based frames of reference.
  • Participants reported illusory hand shifts and ownership of the reflected hand.

Main Results:

  • Illusory shift and hand ownership were significantly stronger under external congruence compared to motor-based congruence.
  • This effect persisted regardless of motor outflow or effort.
  • Findings suggest differential weighting of spatial frames of reference in multisensory integration.

Conclusions:

  • Information from an externally-based representation is weighted more heavily in multisensory integration than motor-based information.
  • The brain differentially weights crossmodal congruence based on spatial frames of reference.
  • These findings can inform computational models of multisensory integration.