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Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
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The sympathetic chain ganglia, also known as the sympathetic trunk ganglia or paravertebral ganglia, are a series of ganglia located bilaterally on either side of the spinal column. These ganglia serve as relay stations for the sympathetic nervous system. Preganglionic neurons originating in the spinal cord project their axons to the sympathetic chain ganglia. Within the ganglia, these preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons.The postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic trunk...
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Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...
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Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances
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Postherpetic Neuralgia and Trigeminal Neuralgia.

L Feller1, R A G Khammissa1, J Fourie1

  • 1Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.

Pain Research and Treatment
|January 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and trigeminal neuralgia are debilitating neuropathic pain conditions. This review discusses their causes, symptoms, and treatments, including prevention strategies for PHN.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pain Medicine
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a complication of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection, impacting quality of life, especially in elderly and immunocompromised individuals.
  • Classical trigeminal neuralgia is a severe neuropathic pain condition affecting the trigeminal nerve, often idiopathic or due to vascular compression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment of PHN.
  • To review the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment of classical trigeminal neuralgia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment of PHN and trigeminal neuralgia.
  • Discussion of preventive strategies for PHN, including vaccination and early antiviral therapy.
  • Outline of treatment options for trigeminal neuralgia, including pharmacotherapy and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

  • PHN prevention involves HZ vaccination, early antivirals, and acute pain management.
  • PHN treatment can be challenging, with partial effectiveness.
  • First-line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia includes carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine; surgery is an option for refractory cases.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of PHN and trigeminal neuralgia requires understanding their distinct etiopathogenesis and tailored treatment approaches.
  • Early intervention and comprehensive pain management are crucial for improving outcomes in PHN and trigeminal neuralgia patients.