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Related Concept Videos

Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,
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The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
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HRP-crosslinked silk-gelatin bioinks: printability dynamics and modulation of stem cell lineage commitment in 3D bioprinted constructs.

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Protocols of 3D Bioprinting of Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel Based Bioinks
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Silk-Based Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting.

Shikha Chawla1, Swati Midha1, Aarushi Sharma1

  • 1Department of Textile Technology, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|January 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Silk fibroin, from silkworms and spiders, shows promise as a bioink for 3D bioprinting. Researchers are optimizing its properties for advanced tissue engineering applications.

Keywords:
3D bioprintingbioinksilk fibroinspider silk

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • 3D bioprinting aims to create engineered tissues, but challenges remain in developing critical-sized constructs.
  • Silk fibroin, derived from silkworms and spiders, possesses unique properties making it a suitable bioink material.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review summarizes advancements in 3D bioprinting using silk fibroin bioinks.
  • It explores modifications to silk fibroin's structure-property relationship for improved performance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on 3D bioprinting with silkworm and spider silk fibroin.
  • Analysis of reverse engineering approaches to enhance silk bioink characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Modified silk fibroin exhibits improved shear-thinning, printability, cytocompatible gelation, and structural fidelity.
  • The review covers native and recombinant silk fibroin sources.

Conclusions:

  • Silk fibroin is a versatile biomaterial for 3D bioprinting, with ongoing research addressing processing challenges and cellular interactions.
  • Future directions focus on clinical translation of silk-based engineered tissues.