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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Electrochemotherapy of Tumours

Electrochemotherapy of Tumours

Published on: December 15, 2008

The hypoxic tumour microenvironment.

Varvara Petrova¹, Margherita Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli², Gerry Melino^1,3

¹Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, P.O. Box 138, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.

|January 25, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) activation create a tumor microenvironment that fuels cancer progression. This review details how hypoxia influences tumor components to promote aggressive cancer phenotypes.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Cancer Biology
Tumor Microenvironment Research

Background:

Advanced cancers often feature hypoxic conditions and activated hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1).
The tumor microenvironment, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix (ECM), vascularization, and immune response, is significantly impacted by hypoxia.
Hypoxia promotes tumor cell heterogeneity and the emergence of aggressive clones.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the influence of hypoxia and HIF-1 activation on the tumor microenvironment.
To summarize the role of these factors in cancer development and progression.

Main Methods:

Literature review of key findings on hypoxia and HIF-1 in cancer.
Analysis of the impact of hypoxia on major tumor microenvironment components.

Main Results:

Hypoxia and HIF-1 activation are critical drivers of tumor progression.
These factors modulate CAFs, ECM, angiogenesis, and immune suppression.
Hypoxia fosters an environment conducive to aggressive tumor cell expansion.

Conclusions:

Hypoxia and HIF-1 play a pivotal role in shaping the tumor microenvironment.
Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing effective cancer therapies.