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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

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V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
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ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

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The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
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Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Pumped Concrete01:13

Pumped Concrete

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Concrete in large quantities can be pumped across long distances for placing in inaccessible sites. This system comprises a hopper that receives concrete from a mixer, a pump to propel the concrete, and pipelines that facilitate its delivery.
For direct-acting pumps, the concrete enters the pump via the inlet valve under the action of gravity and suction created by the movement of the piston. This concrete is then forced into the pipeline and out through the outlet valve by the forward movement...
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Refrigerators and Heat Pumps01:07

Refrigerators and Heat Pumps

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Refrigerators or heat pumps are heat engines operating in a reverse direction. For a refrigerator, the focus is on removing heat from a specific area, whereas, for a heat pump, the focus is on dumping heat into one particular area. A refrigerator (or heat pump) absorbs heat Qc from the cold reservoir at Kelvin temperature Tc and discards heat Qh to the hot reservoir at Kelvin temperature Th, while work W is done on the engine’s working substance.
A household refrigerator removes heat from...
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Vapor Pressure02:34

Vapor Pressure

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When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules move randomly about, they will occasionally collide with the surface of the condensed phase, and in some cases, these collisions will result in the molecules re-entering the condensed phase. The change from the gas phase to the liquid is called condensation. When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, neither the amount of the liquid nor the amount of the vapor...
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Pressure-actuated monolithic acrylic microfluidic valves and pumps.

Pablo E Guevara-Pantoja1, Rocío J Jiménez-Valdés, Jose L García-Cordero

  • 1Cinvestav-Monterrey, 66600, Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico. g.a.caballero.robledo@gmail.com jlgarciac@cinvestav.mx.

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This study presents a novel microfluidic device using acrylic glass for integrated valves and pumps. This technology enables cost-effective mass production of disposable lab-on-a-chip devices for automated biochemical assays.

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Microfluidic devices offer miniaturization and automation benefits for biological assays.
  • Existing microfluidic systems often rely on complex fabrication or expensive materials.
  • There is a need for cost-effective, mass-producible microfluidic components for fluid control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a microfluidic device with integrated valves and pumps fabricated entirely from acrylic glass.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of using micromilling and solvent bonding for creating monolithic acrylic microfluidic systems.
  • To showcase the potential for automated fluid handling in disposable microfluidic devices.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of acrylic sheets using micromilling.
  • Assembly of microfluidic components via solvent bonding.
  • Development of pneumatic pressure-actuated valves with a flexible membrane.
  • Integration of valves and a membrane-based chamber for pumping functionality.
  • Proof-of-concept demonstration using a controlled cell-staining assay.

Main Results:

  • Valves demonstrated a pressure resistance of approximately 17 kPa (2.5 psi) and supported flow rates up to 100 μL/s.
  • The integrated pump achieved a maximum flow rate of 20 μL/min.
  • The device successfully performed a controlled cell-staining assay in parallel chambers.
  • Acrylic glass proved suitable for micromilling, bonding, and pneumatic actuation.

Conclusions:

  • Monolithic acrylic microfluidic valves and pumps are feasible using micromilling and solvent bonding.
  • This technology facilitates the mass production of inexpensive, disposable microfluidic devices.
  • The developed system enables precise fluid control and aids in the automation of biochemical assays.