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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

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Drinking Strategies: Planned Drinking Versus Drinking to Thirst.

Robert W Kenefick1

  • 1Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute, Natick, MA, USA. Robert.W.Kenefick.civ@mail.mil.

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|January 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drinking to thirst may not prevent dehydration during prolonged or intense exercise. Athletes should plan fluid intake to avoid losing over 2% body mass, especially in heat, to maintain performance and thermoregulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science
  • Human Hydration

Background:

  • Thirst sensation often precedes full rehydration in humans.
  • High sweating rates can lead to cumulative body water loss if fluid intake is insufficient.
  • Dehydration exceeding 2% body mass impairs thermoregulation and exercise performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the implications of dehydration on physiological function and exercise performance.
  • To determine optimal fluid intake strategies during exercise.
  • To provide guidance on preventing dehydration-induced performance decrements.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews existing literature on hydration, dehydration, and exercise performance.
  • It analyzes conditions under which drinking to thirst is insufficient.
  • It outlines strategies for planned fluid consumption based on exercise type, duration, intensity, and environmental conditions.

Main Results:

  • Dehydration of ≥2% body mass negatively impacts thermoregulation and cardiovascular strain.
  • Impaired aerobic exercise performance is associated with dehydration.
  • Planned drinking is optimal for activities >90 min, high intensity, in heat, or when performance is critical.

Conclusions:

  • Athletes with high sweat rates or performance goals should determine individual sweat rates.
  • Tailored fluid intake plans are crucial to prevent >2% body mass loss.
  • Drinking to thirst may suffice for shorter, less intense exercise in cooler conditions; avoid weight gain from overhydration.