Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026

05:51
Induction and Assessment of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
Published on: October 14, 2021
4.5K
Two New Drugs for Tardive Dyskinesia Hit the Market
Summary
Two new drugs, Ingrezza and Austedo, face scrutiny over their high prices following recent approval. Cost-effectiveness analyses question the value proposition of these new pharmaceutical interventions.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacoeconomics
- Health Technology Assessment
Background:
- Ingrezza (valbenazine) and Austedo (deutetrabenazine) are recently approved medications.
- High drug prices are a significant concern in healthcare.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Ingrezza and Austedo.
- To assess whether the price of these new drugs aligns with their clinical benefits.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) framework for cost-effectiveness analysis.
- Incorporated data on drug efficacy, safety, and patient outcomes.
Main Results:
- ICER calculations indicate potential pricing concerns for both Ingrezza and Austedo.
- The analysis suggests the drugs may not meet common thresholds for cost-effectiveness.
Conclusions:
- The pricing of Ingrezza and Austedo warrants further examination.
- Value-based pricing strategies are crucial for new drug approvals.
Keywords:
Tomorrow’s MedicineRelated Concept Videos
Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction
20
Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...
20
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions
471
Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
471
Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications
167
The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each...
167
FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs
279
Post-approval, manufacturers may modify an approved new or generic drug product. Such modifications can encompass alterations in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), manufacturing process, formulation, batch size, manufacturing site, and container closure system (FDA Guidance for Industry, April 2004). Often, a drug product may undergo multiple changes.These modifications require careful evaluation to determine their potential impact on the drug product's identity, strength, quality,...
279
Tissue-Drug Binding: Localization of Drugs and its Significance
475
Body tissues, comprising approximately 40% of the body weight, are crucial in drug distribution and localization. These tissues can serve as drug storage sites, competing with plasma binding sites for drug molecules.
Drugs can bind to different tissue components, enhancing their distribution and localization. The factors influencing drug localization in tissues include the drug's lipophilicity, structural characteristics, tissue perfusion rate, and pH differences. These factors determine...
Drugs can bind to different tissue components, enhancing their distribution and localization. The factors influencing drug localization in tissues include the drug's lipophilicity, structural characteristics, tissue perfusion rate, and pH differences. These factors determine...
475
Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug Interactions
633
Drug interactions are a critical aspect of pharmacology and can occur when two or more drugs compete for the same binding site. This competition can result in one drug displacing another, altering the effect of the displaced drug. Drug interactions are complex processes that rely heavily on how much of the displacer drug is present and how strongly it can bind to the same sites as the displaced drug.
Displacement interactions can have varying outcomes, ranging from toxicity to virtually...
Displacement interactions can have varying outcomes, ranging from toxicity to virtually...
633

