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Limited research exists on the human health effects of hydraulic fracturing (HF). Of 18 studies reviewed, most showed mixed or positive health outcomes, highlighting the need for more investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Public Health Research
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Hydraulic fracturing (HF) is a method of oil and gas extraction.
  • Concerns exist regarding potential human health impacts associated with HF operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature.
  • To determine the extent of research on human health effects linked to HF.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic scoping review methodology was employed.
  • Searched peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2017.
  • Included studies that empirically examined direct health impacts of HF.

Main Results:

  • Only 18 studies met the inclusion criteria for the review.
  • The majority of the included studies reported positive or mixed findings regarding health outcomes.
  • A significant gap exists in the peer-reviewed literature on HF and human health.

Conclusions:

  • The limited number of studies makes it difficult to establish direct causal links between HF and health outcomes.
  • Challenges include the long latency of some health effects, exposure in rural areas, and diagnostic difficulties.
  • Healthcare providers should document patient exposure histories to aid future research and treatment.