[Intrauterine Fetal Growth Restriction- Screening Model. Literature Review.]

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Maternal-Fetal Medicine
• Perinatology

Background:

• Placental dysfunction underlies obstetric conditions like preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR).
• Accurate diagnosis of FGR, affecting 5-10% of pregnancies, is difficult due to nonspecific signs, impacting perinatal outcomes.
• Distinguishing FGR from small for gestational age (SGA) is crucial, as FGR carries higher risks.

Purpose of the Study:

• To address the diagnostic challenges in identifying placental dysfunction and FGR.
• To highlight the need for universal screening models for high-risk pregnancies.
• To integrate placental dysfunction screening into existing prenatal care protocols.

Main Methods:

• Review of current diagnostic criteria and limitations for FGR.
• Analysis of ultrasound's role and accuracy in FGR detection.
• Discussion of emerging universal screening models for placental dysfunction.

Main Results:

• Current diagnostic methods for FGR are often inaccurate, with significant under- and over-detection rates.
• Multifetal gestations show a high incidence of FGR (20-40%).
• Ultrasound, while standard, has limitations in routine FGR screening.

Conclusions:

• There is a critical need for improved screening and diagnosis of placental dysfunction and FGR.
• Universal screening models are being developed and integrated into standard obstetric care.
• Early identification of high-risk pregnancies can improve perinatal outcomes.