[Intrauterine Fetal Growth Restriction- Screening Model. Literature Review.]

Placental dysfunction is involved in a spectrum of obs.tetric conditions including preeclampsia, placental abrution and intrauterine fetal growth restriction. Their timely and accurate recognition is often a chalange since diagnostic criteria are dill based on nonspecific signs and symptomes. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) refers to a fetus that has failed to achieve its genetically determined growth potential and affects up to 5-10% of pregnancies. FRR is associated with an increase in perinatal mortality and morbidity. The diagnoslic challenge is in distinguishing SGA pregnancies from FGR pregnancies because the majority of SGA pregnancies are associated with a good prognosis compared to FGR pregnancies. Multifetal gegations have a high incidence of FGR. About 20-30% of dichorionic twins will suffer from FGR, as will 40% of monochorionic twins. Ultrasound is the benchmark for accurate pregnancy dating and diagnosis of FGR. However, there is room for error and FGR is undetected in about 30% of routinely scanned cases and incorrectly detected in 50% of cases. In recent years, the main priority of the leading obstetric clinics in Europe and the USA is drafting a universal screening model for selecting patients at high risk of developing placental dysfunction. Now, this model is part of the standard screening for chromosomal aneuploidies in the firs and second trimester of pregnancy and prolonged screening in the second and third trimester in patients at high risk.