Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Published on: October 20, 2017
Early Hemodynamic Response Assessment of Stereotactic Radiosurgery for a Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Using 4D
C Q Li1, A Hsiao2, J Hattangadi-Gluth3
1From the Department of Radiology (C.Q.L., A.H., J.H., N.F.), University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California charlesqli@alumni.ucsd.edu.
Abstract:
Brain AVMs treated with stereotactic radiosurgery typically demonstrate a minimum latency period of 1-3 years between treatment and nidus obliteration. Assessment of treatment response is usually limited to evaluation of AVM nidus structural changes using conventional MR imaging and MRA techniques. This report describes the use of 4D Flow MRI to also measure radiation-induced hemodynamic changes in a Spetzler-Martin grade III AVM, which were detectable as early as 6 months after treatment.
Related Concept Videos
Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...
Cerebral Hemispheres
Gene Flow
Responses to Gravity and Touch
Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...
Humoral Immune Responses

