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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.3K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base02:28

Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base

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Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Strong Acid/Strong Base
A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of a strong base NaOH. The pH at different volumes of added base solution can be calculated as follows:
(a) Titrant volume = 0 mL. The solution pH is due to the acid ionization of HCl. Because this is a strong acid, the ionization is complete and the hydronium ion molarity is 0.100 M. The pH of the solution is then:
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Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
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Strong spin-photon coupling in silicon.

N Samkharadze1, G Zheng1, N Kalhor1

  • 1QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers coupled a single electron spin in a silicon quantum dot to a microwave photon. This demonstrates a key step towards scaling up quantum computers using spin qubits.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Superconducting Circuits

Background:

  • Single spins in silicon quantum dots offer long coherence times, making them promising for quantum computation.
  • Scaling up spin qubit systems is a significant challenge in developing practical quantum computers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate strong coupling between a single electron spin and a single microwave photon.
  • To establish a foundational step for the scalable architecture of quantum dot-based spin qubit networks.

Main Methods:

  • Trapping a single electron spin within a silicon double quantum dot.
  • Utilizing an on-chip high-impedance superconducting resonator to store a single microwave photon.
  • Leveraging the electric field of the cavity photon to couple with the electron's charge dipole and indirectly with its spin via a localized magnetic field gradient.

Main Results:

  • Achieved strong coupling between the single electron spin and the single microwave photon.
  • Demonstrated a controllable interaction mechanism mediated by both electric and magnetic field components.

Conclusions:

  • The demonstrated strong coupling provides a viable pathway for interfacing quantum dots.
  • This work is a crucial step towards building scalable quantum registers for quantum computation.