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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.
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Nanoscale chiral valley-photon interface through optical spin-orbit coupling.

Su-Hyun Gong1,2, Filippo Alpeggiani1,2, Beniamino Sciacca2

  • 1Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Post Office Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 27, 2018
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We demonstrate valley-dependent directional light coupling in tungsten disulfide (WS2) using plasmonic nanowires. This enables precise nanoscale control and detection of valley and spin information with 90% efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit unique valley properties.
  • Valleytronics utilizes valley pseudospin for information encoding and detection.
  • Optical control of valley information is crucial for next-generation electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate valley-dependent directional coupling of light.
  • To investigate the interaction between plasmonic nanowires and WS2 layers.
  • To establish a nanoscale platform for valley and spin information manipulation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a plasmonic nanowire-tungsten disulfide (WS2) heterostructure.
  • Utilizing the spin angular momentum of light for valley information encoding.
  • Measuring the directional coupling efficiency of light with WS2 valley pseudospin.

Main Results:

  • Achieved valley-dependent directional coupling of light with WS2.
  • Demonstrated efficient coupling (90 ± 1%) between WS2 valley pseudospin and transverse optical spin.
  • Validated the handedness-selective interaction between light and WS2 valley states.

Conclusions:

  • The plasmonic nanowire-WS2 system offers a robust platform for valleytronics.
  • Precise optical control over valley and spin information at the nanoscale is achievable.
  • This work paves the way for novel optoelectronic devices utilizing valley and spin degrees of freedom.