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Ecoepidemiology of Cryptococcus gattii in Developing Countries.
Patricia F Herkert1,2, Ferry Hagen3,4, Rosangela L Pinheiro5
1Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Biological Sciences, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos Avenue, Jardim das Américas, 81531-980 Curitiba, Brazil. patriciaherkert@gmail.com.
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 27, 2018
Summary
This review explores the ecoepidemiology of Cryptococcus gattii species complex infections. It highlights clinical cases, environmental reservoirs in developing nations, and antifungal susceptibility, offering insights into revised Cryptococcus taxonomy.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Cryptococcosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by encapsulated yeast species of Cryptococcus.
- Infection occurs via inhalation of environmental propagules and affects both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals.
- Cryptococcus species inhabit diverse ecological niches, with ongoing discovery of new reservoirs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the ecoepidemiology of the Cryptococcus gattii species complex.
- To focus on clinical cases and ecological reservoirs, particularly in developing countries.
- To discuss antifungal susceptibility and revised Cryptococcus taxonomy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of clinical cases and ecological studies.
- Analysis of environmental reservoirs across different continents.
- Examination of antifungal susceptibility data and taxonomic revisions.
Main Results:
- The Cryptococcus gattii species complex is found in various environmental niches globally.
- Clinical manifestations and epidemiological patterns vary across different geographical regions.
- Antifungal susceptibility profiles differ among C. gattii species, impacting treatment strategies.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the ecoepidemiology of C. gattii is crucial for disease prevention and management.
- Environmental surveillance and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are vital for controlling cryptococcosis outbreaks.
- Ongoing taxonomic revisions refine our understanding of Cryptococcus species and their clinical relevance.
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