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Related Concept Videos

Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

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Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Imaging Leukocyte Adhesion to the Vascular Endothelium at High Intraluminal Pressure
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Leukocyte adhesion defect: An uncommon immunodeficiency.

Sehar Nigar1, Ejaz Ahmed Khan1, Tahir Aziz Ahmad1

  • 1Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|January 27, 2018
PubMed
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Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a rare genetic disorder affecting immune cells. This study presents two infant cases with recurrent infections and delayed umbilical cord separation, highlighting key symptoms of LAD.

Keywords:
Leukocyte adhesion defect.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a rare autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency.
  • It stems from defective b2 integrin expression (CD11/CD18) on leukocytes, impairing phagocyte function and chemotaxis.
  • This defect is crucial for immune cell migration to infection sites.

Observation:

  • Two infant cases presented with classic LAD symptoms.
  • Key clinical signs included recurrent bacterial infections and delayed umbilical cord separation.
  • Marked leukocytosis was noted in both patients.

Findings:

  • The cases exemplify the diagnostic challenges and clinical presentation of LAD.
  • Defective leukocyte adhesion molecules (CD11/CD18) were implicated in the observed symptoms.
  • The study reinforces the link between integrin deficiency and recurrent infections.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis of LAD is critical for timely intervention and management.
  • Understanding LAD pathophysiology aids in developing targeted therapies for primary immunodeficiencies.
  • This case series contributes to the literature on rare genetic immune disorders.