Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection
08:15

Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection

Published on: January 31, 2020

9.2K

Neurodevelopment in Young Children Born to HIV-Infected Mothers: A Meta-analysis

Megan S McHenry1,2, Carole I McAteer3,2, Eren Oyungu4

  • 1Departments of Pediatrics, msuhl@iu.edu.

Pediatrics
|January 28, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Young children infected with HIV (HIV+) and those exposed but uninfected (HEU) show poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes than HIV-unexposed (HUU) children. Antiretroviral (ARV) exposure may further impact these outcomes, warranting further research.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • HIV-infected (HIV+) children exhibit poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes compared to HIV-uninfected peers.
  • Limited data exists on neurodevelopmental differences among young HIV+ children, HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children, and HIV-unexposed and uninfected (HUU) children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze neurodevelopmental performance data in young HIV+, HEU, and HUU children.
  • To compare cognitive and motor scores across these pediatric groups.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of Ovid Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
  • Inclusion criteria applied to 45 identified studies; 11 studies with Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development scores included in meta-analysis.
  • Data extraction and cross-checking by independent reviewers.

Main Results:

  • Compared to HUU children, both HIV+ and HEU children demonstrated lower cognitive and motor scores.
  • HIV+ and HEU children with antiretroviral (ARV) exposure had significantly lower cognitive and motor scores than those without ARV exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Both HIV+ and HEU children exhibit worse developmental outcomes than HUU children.
  • ARV exposure in HIV+ and HEU children is associated with poorer outcomes, though this requires cautious interpretation.
  • Further research is necessary to elucidate the specific impact of ARV exposure on early childhood development.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Inoculation Strategies to Infect Plant Roots with Soil-Borne Microorganisms08:16

Inoculation Strategies to Infect Plant Roots with Soil-Borne Microorganisms

Published on: March 1, 2022

7.4K
Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays13:58

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Published on: September 26, 2011

32.2K

Related Concept Videos

The Born-Haber Cycle02:44

The Born-Haber Cycle

Lattice Energy 
25.5K
Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups01:09

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups

Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
6.1K
Pedigree Analysis01:35

Pedigree Analysis

Overview
89.9K
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
335
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
6.8K
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
12.8K