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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management01:29

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Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
Smoking Cessation
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Establishment of Epstein-Barr Virus Growth-transformed Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines
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Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Disease.

Hiroshi Kimura1, Jeffrey I Cohen2

  • 1Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.

Frontiers in Immunology
|January 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) disease is a rare, progressive disorder characterized by uncontrolled EBV infection, leading to immunodeficiency and severe complications. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only effective treatment, while research explores underlying immune defects and genetic causes.

Keywords:
DDX3XEpstein–Barr virus lymphomachronic active Epstein–Barr virushemophagocytosisinfectious mononucleosis

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Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

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An Efficient and Simple Method to Establish NK and T Cell Lines from Patients with Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) disease is a rare and severe disorder.
  • It involves uncontrolled Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, leading to high EBV DNA levels and organ infiltration by EBV-positive lymphocytes.
  • Clinical manifestations include fever, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, EBV hepatitis, and pancytopenia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the characteristics, clinical presentation, and treatment of Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) disease.
  • To highlight the progressive nature of the disease, including immunodeficiency and potential fatal outcomes like opportunistic infections, hemophagocytosis, multiorgan failure, and EBV-positive lymphomas.
  • To differentiate disease presentation in the US versus Asia and emphasize current research directions.

Main Methods:

  • This is a summary and review of existing knowledge on CAEBV.
  • Information is synthesized from clinical observations and research findings.
  • Focus is on disease characteristics, patient presentation, and treatment efficacy.

Main Results:

  • CAEBV is a progressive disease with elevated EBV DNA and lymphocyte infiltration.
  • Patients face risks of severe complications including opportunistic infections, hemophagocytosis, multiorgan failure, and lymphomas.
  • Disease presentation varies geographically, with US cases often involving B or T cells, and Asian cases involving T or NK cells.

Conclusions:

  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only proven effective treatment for CAEBV.
  • Ongoing research aims to identify the causes of CAEBV, focusing on immune defects and genetic abnormalities.
  • Early diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial for managing this rare and life-threatening disorder.