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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
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Ion Channels01:19

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The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
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Riboswitches01:56

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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Stereoisomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping
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Roadmap on optical sensors.

Mário F S Ferreira1, Enrique Castro-Camus2, David J Ottaway3

  • 1Department of Physics, I3N-Institute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.

Journal of Optics (2010)
|January 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optical sensors utilize light for detection and measurement, with advancements in laser and micro/nano-engineered technologies enhancing sensitivity. This roadmap explores diverse optical sensor technologies and applications for future innovation.

Keywords:
biological sensingbiomedical sensingchemical sensingfiber sensorsmicro and nano-engineered optical sensorsoptical sensingoptical sensors

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Sensor Technology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Optical sensing, using light as a probe, has a long history, evolving significantly with the advent of lasers.
  • Recent demand is for engineered optical fields to probe small samples and weak light-matter interactions.
  • Optical fiber sensors and micro/nano-engineered sensors represent key advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive roadmap of optical sensor technologies and applications.
  • To highlight the current state-of-the-art and challenges in the field.
  • To explore future opportunities and potential advancements in optical sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of laser-based and frequency comb-based sensors.
  • Analysis of optical fiber sensors, including specialty and photonic crystal fibers.
  • Exploration of micro- and nano-engineered sensors (e.g., whispering-gallery mode, plasmonic).

Main Results:

  • Structurization with subwavelength features significantly enhances sensor sensitivity and detection limits.
  • Optical sensors are crucial for chemical, biological, and biomedical applications across visible, infrared, and THz regions.
  • Expert contributions offer insights into current challenges and future directions.

Conclusions:

  • Continued advancements in fabrication techniques and understanding new physical effects will drive innovation in micro/nano-engineered optical sensors.
  • The integration of diverse optical sensing technologies promises new applications and improved performance.
  • The field is poised for significant evolution, addressing complex sensing challenges across various spectral regions and application domains.