Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

8.6K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
8.6K
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

1.8K
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
1.8K
Vision01:24

Vision

59.2K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
59.2K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

1.6K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
1.6K
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

5.3K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
5.3K
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

1.2K
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Combination of tissue-derived and shape-based parameters for subclinical keratoconus detection.

Biomedical optics express·2026
Same author

Single-shot, depth-encoded multiplexed OCT for multi-spot tracking of induced transient corneal dynamics.

Biomedical optics express·2026
Same author

Effect of spherical aberration on the vergence-accommodation conflict.

Biomedical optics express·2026
Same author

Peripheral refractive errors in pseudophakic eyes: <i>in vitro</i> evaluation and optical simulation.

Biomedical optics express·2026
Same author

Comparison of decentration, tilt, and dynamic stability between retropupillary iris claw and scleral fixated intraocular lenses with flanged haptics.

Journal of cataract and refractive surgery·2026
Same author

Principles of a Non-orthogonal Optical Surface with Potential for Correction of Irregular Astigmatism.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2026
Same journal

Roadmap on optical sensors.

Journal of optics (2010)·2023
Same journal

Highly sensitive magneto-motive photoacoustic and ultrasound (PAUS) imaging with cyclic excitations.

Journal of optics (2010)·2022
Same journal

Fluorescence Coupling to Internal Modes of 1D Photonic Crystals Characterized by Back Focal Plane Imaging.

Journal of optics (2010)·2021
Same journal

Approaching the quantum limit for plasmonics: linear atomic chains.

Journal of optics (2010)·2020
Same journal

Listening to tissues with new light: recent technological advances in photoacoustic imaging.

Journal of optics (2010)·2020
Same journal

Micromachined Silicon Parallel Acoustic Delay Lines as Time Delayed Ultrasound Detector Array for Real-Time Photoacoustic Tomography.

Journal of optics (2010)·2020
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy oSLO and Optical Coherence Tomography OCT
12:22

Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy oSLO and Optical Coherence Tomography OCT

Published on: August 4, 2018

8.9K

Roadmap on advances in visual and physiological optics.

Jesús E Gómez-Correa1, Brian Vohnsen2, Barbara K Pierścionek3

  • 1Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Coordinación de Óptica, Puebla 72840, Mexico.

Journal of Optics (2010)
|December 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This roadmap explores advancements in visual and physiological optics, covering corneal health, eye lens function, retinal imaging, and optical aberrations. It highlights new technologies and models to improve visual performance and eye health.

Keywords:
contact and intraocular lensescorneaneuroscience of visionperipheral visionphotoreceptors (retinal imaging)schematic modelsthe human eye lens

More Related Videos

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
05:14

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

542
Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
10:35

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

Published on: February 12, 2013

20.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy oSLO and Optical Coherence Tomography OCT
12:22

Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy oSLO and Optical Coherence Tomography OCT

Published on: August 4, 2018

8.9K
Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
05:14

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

542
Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
10:35

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

Published on: February 12, 2013

20.0K

Area of Science:

  • Visual and Physiological Optics
  • Ophthalmology
  • Optometry
  • Vision Science
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • The field of visual and physiological optics is rapidly advancing due to enhanced understanding of the human visual system and optical technologies.
  • Current research spans diverse areas from corneal properties to neuro-optics, necessitating a consolidated overview.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive roadmap of critical advancements in visual and physiological optics.
  • To consolidate current research and future trends for professionals in ophthalmology, optometry, and vision science.

Main Methods:

  • Expert-authored review of key research areas.
  • Exploration of corneal biomechanics, imaging, and elastography.
  • Analysis of eye lens models, ray tracing, and retinal imaging techniques.
  • Discussion of adaptive optics, ocular surface modeling, and peripheral image quality.
  • Integration of neurosciences with vision health research.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in understanding corneal biomechanics and diagnosing conditions like keratoconus.
  • New insights into eye lens structure-function relationships and optical modeling.
  • Advancements in retinal imaging and the application of adaptive optics for visual assessment.
  • Improved models for ocular surfaces and understanding factors influencing visual performance.
  • Emerging trends at the intersection of neuroscience and vision health.

Conclusions:

  • The roadmap offers a valuable resource for professionals seeking to advance visual and physiological optics.
  • Continued interdisciplinary research is crucial for improving visual health and optical performance.
  • Cutting-edge technologies and models are transforming the diagnosis and treatment of visual conditions.