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Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

Published on: July 21, 2018

Approaching the quantum limit for plasmonics: linear atomic chains.

Garnett W Bryant¹

¹Quantum Measurement Division and Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8423, USA; University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Journal of Optics (2010)

|March 3, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Developing a quantum theory for atomic-scale materials requires identifying optical excitations. This study reveals that many-body excitonic states, not typically found in density functional theory (DFT), dominate spectral responses in linear atomic chains.

Keywords:

excitons many-body physics quantum plasmonics

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Area of Science:

Quantum mechanics
Condensed matter physics
Materials science

Background:

Optical excitations in atomic-scale materials exhibit complex mixing of single-particle and collective responses.
Quantifying these excitations is challenging due to the lack of clear quantization definitions.
Linear atomic chains serve as ideal models for investigating collective excitations in nanoscale systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a quantum theory for optical excitations in atomic-scale materials.
To characterize and identify single-particle-like and collective excitations.
To investigate the nature of many-body excitations in linear atomic chains.

Main Methods:

Utilized exact diagonalization to study many-body excitations in finite linear atomic chains (10-25 atoms).
Employed a simplified model Hamiltonian for theoretical calculations.
Developed criteria including transfer dipole moment, balance, transfer charge, dynamical response, and induced-charge distribution to identify plasmonic states.

Main Results:

Exact diagonalization revealed highly correlated, multiexcitonic states dominating spectral and optical responses, unlike density functional theory (DFT) predictions.
DFT methods failed to capture these significant excitonic many-body states.
Identified specific criteria to distinguish plasmonic excitations from dense spectra of single-particle and excitonic states.

Conclusions:

Excitonic states are predominant in atomic-scale materials due to local correlation possibilities.
The developed criteria enable the identification of plasmonic states within complex excitation spectra.
This work provides a pathway for a more accurate quantum description of optical excitations in nanoscale systems.