Earth-Abundant Tin Sulfide-Based Photocathodes for Solar Hydrogen Production

Tin-based chalcogenide semiconductors, though attractive materials for photovoltaics, have to date exhibited poor performance and stability for photoelectrochemical applications. Here, a novel strategy is reported to improve performance and stability of tin monosulfide (SnS) nanoplatelet thin films for H₂ production in acidic media without any use of sacrificial reagent. P-type SnS nanoplatelet films are coated with the n-CdS buffer layer and the TiO₂ passivation layer to form type II heterojunction photocathodes. These photocathodes with subsequent deposition of Pt nanoparticles generate a photovoltage of 300 mV and a photocurrent density of 2.4 mA cm^-2 at 0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) for water splitting under simulated visible-light illumination (λ > 500 nm, P_in = 80 mW cm^-2). The incident photon-to-current efficiency at 0 V versus RHE for H₂ production reach a maximum of 12.7% at 575 nm with internal quantum efficiency of 13.8%. The faradaic efficiency for hydrogen evolution remains close to unity after 6000 s of illumination, confirming the robustness of the heterojunction for solar H₂ production.