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Related Concept Videos

Spare Receptors01:30

Spare Receptors

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Some receptors remain unoccupied even when an agonist produces a maximal response. Such empty ones are called spare receptors. In presence of spare receptors the maximum effect of an agonist drug is achieved with fewer than 100% of the receptors being occupied. To determine the presence of spare receptors, scientists often compare the concentration of the drug needed to produce 50% of the maximum effect (EC50) with the concentration of the drug needed to occupy 50% of the receptors (Kd). If the...
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Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals01:16

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Radicals adjacent to electron-donating groups are called nucleophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with electrophilic alkenes. The SOMO–LUMO interactions are the driving force for the reaction, where the high-energy SOMO of the electron-rich, nucleophilic radicals interacts with the low-energy LUMO of the electron-deficient, electrophilic alkenes. Such SOMO–LUMO interactions are the basis of reactive radical traps, affecting the selectivity in radical reactions. For...
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Radicals01:27

Radicals

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Roots, often written as radicals, identify the quantity that must be raised to a specific exponent to produce a given value. A radical expression consists of two main components: the radicand, which is the value placed inside the root symbol, and the index, which indicates the degree of the root being taken. The notation n√a indicates the principal nth root of a. If n equals 2, the operation is the square root, while n = 3 defines the cube root. When n is even, a negative radicand does...
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Radical Reactivity: Electrophilic Radicals01:02

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Radicals adjacent to electron‐withdrawing groups are called electrophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with nucleophilic alkenes. For example, the malonate radical, in which the radical center is flanked by two electron‐withdrawing groups, reacts readily with butyl vinyl ether, which consists of an electron‐donating oxygen substituent. The reaction between electrophilic malonate radical and nucleophilic vinyl ether is favored because the radical has a...
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Radical Autoxidation01:20

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The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
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Radical Equations01:26

Radical Equations

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Radical equations are mathematical expressions in which the variable is found within a radical, most commonly a square root or cube root. These equations frequently arise in science, engineering, and real-world measurements involving nonlinear relationships. To solve a radical equation, the standard procedure is to isolate the radical expression and then eliminate the radical by raising each side to a power equal to the index of the radical. This process may lead to extraneous...
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[Erectile dysfunction after nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy].

N D Akhvlediani1,2, P G Shvarts1,2, Ya V Kirichuk1,2

  • 1I.M. Sechenov First MSMU of Minzdrav of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999)
|January 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy is key for prostate cancer patients desiring erectile function preservation. Understanding which nerves to spare is crucial for improving outcomes and reducing erectile dysfunction (ED).

Keywords:
erectile dysfunctionnerve-sparing radical prostatectomyprostate cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Sexual Medicine

Background:

  • Nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (NSRP) is the gold standard for prostate cancer treatment aiming to preserve erectile function.
  • A decline in NSRP effectiveness for preventing erectile dysfunction (ED) has been noted, linked to more objective pre- and post-operative erectile function assessments.
  • Current understanding of the precise neural structures requiring preservation during NSRP is incomplete, representing a significant knowledge gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the knowledge gap regarding specific neural structures critical for preservation during nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy.
  • To enhance the understanding of factors influencing erectile function outcomes after prostate cancer surgery.
  • To explore advancements in visualizing the neurovascular bundle and quantifying the degree of nerve preservation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy techniques and outcomes.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on the anatomical and functional aspects of the neurovascular bundle.
  • Investigation of emerging imaging and assessment methods for evaluating nerve preservation during and after surgery.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key neural pathways integral to erectile function that should be prioritized for preservation during NSRP.
  • Correlation between the degree of nerve-sparing and post-operative erectile function, supported by objective assessment data.
  • Validation of novel visualization techniques for the vascular-neural bundle, aiding in surgical precision and outcome prediction.

Conclusions:

  • Precise identification and preservation of specific neural structures are paramount for optimizing erectile function post-NSRP.
  • Advancements in surgical techniques and imaging offer improved methods for nerve-sparing and outcome assessment in prostate cancer patients.
  • Further research is needed to refine NSRP techniques and fully elucidate the neural basis of erectile function recovery.