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Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency-Demography and Underlying Causes.

Jayesh Vazirani1, Dhanyasree Nair2, Swapna Shanbhag2

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Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) most often affects young males, with unilateral cases more common. Ocular surface burns are the leading cause, particularly in unilateral LSCD.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Ocular Surface Disease
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is a sight-threatening condition affecting the ocular surface.
  • Understanding the demographics and etiological factors of LSCD is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the demographic profile of patients diagnosed with LSCD.
  • To identify the primary causes contributing to LSCD in a large patient cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective, multicenter case series was conducted.
  • Data from 1331 patients diagnosed with LSCD between 2005 and 2014 were analyzed.
  • Demographic details, clinical features, and etiological factors were systematically recorded.

Main Results:

  • Unilateral LSCD (791 patients) was more prevalent than bilateral LSCD (540 patients).
  • The majority of affected patients were male (65.74%), with a median age of 24 years.
  • Ocular surface burns were the leading cause of LSCD, especially in unilateral cases (83.73%).

Conclusions:

  • Unilateral LSCD is more common, predominantly affecting young males, with ocular surface burns as the primary cause.
  • The etiological landscape of LSCD differs significantly between unilateral and bilateral presentations.
  • Distinct management strategies are required based on the underlying cause and laterality of LSCD.