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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.9K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
82.9K
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

14.1K
Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
14.1K
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

4.9K
4.9K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

7.2K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
7.2K
Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

2.7K
Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...
2.7K
Transcription01:10

Transcription

157.2K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
157.2K

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Measuring the Kinetics of mRNA Transcription in Single Living Cells
11:22

Measuring the Kinetics of mRNA Transcription in Single Living Cells

Published on: August 25, 2011

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Visualizing transcription factor dynamics in living cells.

Zhe Liu1, Robert Tjian2,3

  • 1Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA liuz11@janelia.hhmi.org.

The Journal of Cell Biology
|January 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent imaging advances allow direct observation of transcription factors (TFs) and gene regulation at the single-molecule level. This dynamic visualization offers new insights into TF targeting, genome organization, and gene activation for eukaryotic gene regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cell type-specific gene expression is primarily driven by transcription factors (TFs) binding to cis-regulatory elements.
  • Despite decades of research, the precise molecular mechanisms of enhancer-mediated gene regulation remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current transcription imaging techniques.
  • To summarize research findings that challenge existing models of eukaryotic gene regulation.
  • To highlight the potential of live-cell imaging for deciphering TF dynamics and gene activation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current transcription imaging technologies.
  • Analysis of converging results from biochemical, genetic, genomic, and imaging studies.
  • Focus on single-cell, single-molecule visualization of TF behavior and transcriptional activity.

Main Results:

  • Advances in imaging enable direct visualization of TF dynamics and regulatory events in live cells.
  • High spatiotemporal resolution reveals the dynamic behavior of individual TFs.
  • Converging evidence suggests a need to revise current models of eukaryotic gene regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Live-cell, single-molecule imaging provides novel mechanistic insights into gene regulation.
  • Understanding TF targeting, genome organization, and gene activation requires dynamic visualization approaches.
  • Future research using these techniques promises significant advances in deciphering gene regulation.