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What is Conservation Biology?

What is Conservation Biology?

Conservation biology is a scientific field that focuses on the preservation of biodiversity in order to protect ecosystems while meeting the needs of the human population. Humans require properly functioning ecosystems to maintain our supply of natural resources, including food, medicines, and building materials.

Conservation of Small Populations

Conservation of Small Populations

Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...

Osmoregulation in Fishes

Osmoregulation in Fishes

When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?

Conserved Binding Sites

Conserved Binding Sites

Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
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Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins

Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins

Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain. Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
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Non-conservative Forces

Non-conservative Forces

Non-conservative forces are dissipative forces such as friction or air resistance. These forces take energy away from a system as it progresses. Unlike conservative forces, non-conservative forces do not have potential energy associated with them. This is because the energy is lost to the system and cannot be turned into useful work later.
Also unlike their conservative counterparts, they are path-dependent; where the object starts and stops does matter. For example, a grinding wheel applies a...

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Development of New Methods for Quantifying Fish Density Using Underwater Stereo-video Tools

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The utility of transcriptomics in fish conservation.

Richard E Connon¹, Ken M Jeffries², Lisa M Komoroske^3,4

¹Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

The Journal of Experimental Biology

|January 31, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Functional genomics, particularly transcriptomics, offers a cellular-level view of organismal resilience to environmental change. This approach aids conservation biology by identifying critical thresholds for species management and predicting population health.

Keywords:

Conservation physiology Endangered species Molecular approaches

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Area of Science:

Conservation Biology
Functional Genomics
Environmental Change

Background:

Organismal resilience mechanisms are crucial for managing sensitive and economically important species facing environmental shifts.
Understanding cellular-level responses to environmental conditions is key for effective conservation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the application of functional genomics, specifically transcriptomics, in conservation biology.
To highlight how transcriptomic data can identify functional physiological thresholds and sublethal impacts.

Main Methods:

Integration of transcriptomics with physiological and ecological research.
Utilizing transcriptome-wide approaches, including RNA sequencing, even for species with no prior genomic data.
Examining case studies in fish species of conservation concern.

Main Results:

Transcriptomics provides a cellular-level understanding of organismal responses to environmental stressors.
Transcriptome-wide data reveals functional response pathways and aids in identifying predictive physiological thresholds.
Sublethal impacts contributing to population declines can be investigated.

Conclusions:

Functional genomics and transcriptomics are transformative tools for conservation biology.
Identified thresholds from transcriptomic evaluations can bridge the gap between science and policy for resource managers.
Enables the development of species-specific tools for conservation efforts.