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Non-radioactive in situ Hybridization Protocol Applicable for Norway Spruce and a Range of Plant Species
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Range dynamics of mountain plants decrease with elevation.

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Mountain plant species are moving upslope, with lower-elevation species showing the most significant increases in abundance. Climate warming and nitrogen deposition are key drivers of these changes, threatening high-alpine flora.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Botany
  • Climate Change Research

Background:

  • Mountain plant species are observed to shift upward in elevation.
  • Previous studies primarily focused on upper range limit shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze changes in both range limits and optima of mountain plant species.
  • To assess shifts in species abundance and their relationship with elevational changes.

Main Methods:

  • Resurveyed 1,576 historical vegetation plots in the European Alps (pre-1970).
  • Analyzed range limits, optima, and abundances for 183 mountain plant species.
  • Stratified species by thermal and nutrient demands using indicator values.

Main Results:

  • Both range limits and optima shifted upward; species abundance significantly increased.
  • Upslope shifts were faster for species historically at lower elevations.
  • Thermophilic species ranges expanded, while cold-adapted species ranges contracted.
  • Abundance increases were most pronounced in nutriphilous species.

Conclusions:

  • Climate warming and nitrogen deposition interact to drive observed plant dynamics.
  • Lower-elevation and thermophilic species are currently benefiting, while high-elevation, cold-adapted species face contraction.
  • High-alpine species are threatened by warming and increased competition from upward-migrating species.