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Spinal Cord01:26

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The Spinal Cord01:54

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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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Spinal dysraphism illustrated; Embroyology revisited.

Ullas V Acharya1, Hima Pendharkar2, Dandu R Varma3

  • 1Department of Radiology, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

The Indian Journal of Radiology & Imaging
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Summary

Spinal cord development involves gastrulation, primary neurulation, and secondary neurulation. Aberrations in these stages lead to spinal dysraphism, a group of spinal cord abnormalities.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Embryology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Spinal cord development is a complex process occurring in three distinct stages: gastrulation, primary neurulation, and secondary neurulation.
  • Disruptions during these developmental periods can result in spinal cord malformations, collectively known as spinal dysraphism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To classify spinal dysraphism based on the developmental stage affected.
  • To correlate clinical, embryological, and imaging findings for diagnostic clarity.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of spinal dysraphism based on embryological origin (gastrulation, primary neurulation, secondary neurulation).
  • Review and correlation of clinical presentations, embryological data, and characteristic imaging findings.

Main Results:

  • Spinal dysraphism is categorized into anomalies of gastrulation, primary neurulation, secondary neurulation, and combined forms.
  • Understanding the developmental origin aids in diagnosing and characterizing these complex conditions.

Conclusions:

  • A structured approach correlating embryology and imaging is crucial for diagnosing spinal dysraphism.
  • This classification aids in understanding the etiology and presentation of various spinal cord abnormalities.