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Nitrogen Fertilizer Management in Dryland Wheat Cropping Systems.

Olga S Walsh1, Sanaz Shafian2, Robin J Christiaens3

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Summary

Applying 90 kg of nitrogen (N) per hectare at planting significantly boosted spring wheat yield and protein. Splitting N application, with half at planting and half at flowering, is recommended for optimal results in dryland systems.

Keywords:
grain yieldnitrogennitrogen uptakeprotein contentwheat

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Area of Science:

  • Agronomy
  • Soil Science
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Wheat is a globally significant food crop, crucial for nutrition and adapted to diverse environments.
  • Optimizing nitrogen (N) fertilizer application is key for maximizing wheat grain yield and protein content while ensuring environmental sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of varying nitrogen (N) rates and split application timings on spring wheat performance in dryland cropping systems.
  • To determine the optimal N fertilization strategy for enhancing grain yield, protein content, and N uptake.

Main Methods:

  • Field experiments were conducted across three locations in Montana and Idaho over two growing seasons.
  • A split-plot design was employed, testing three at-planting N rates (0, 90, 135 kg N ha⁻¹) and two topdressing strategies.
  • Key variables assessed included grain yield (GY), grain protein (GP), and nitrogen uptake (NUP).

Main Results:

  • A significant influence of climate, N rate, and application timing on wheat performance was observed.
  • At-planting N application of 90 kg N ha⁻¹ significantly improved GY, GP, and NUP compared to 0 kg N ha⁻¹.
  • Increasing at-planting N to 135 kg N ha⁻¹ did not yield further improvements in GY, GP, or NUP.
  • Topdressing N at flowering did not enhance GY, GP, or NUP compared to at-planting application alone across all site-years.

Conclusions:

  • The optimal at-planting N rate for spring wheat in these dryland systems is 90 kg N ha⁻¹.
  • Splitting N application, with 45 kg N ha⁻¹ at planting and 45 kg N ha⁻¹ at flowering, is identified as the most effective treatment, balancing yield potential with minimized risk of yield loss.