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Effect of thyroid hormone levels upon pancreatic islet function.

A M Cortizo, C L Gómez Dumm, J J Gagliardino

    Acta Physiologica Et Pharmacologica Latinoamericana : Organo De La Asociacion Latinoamericana De Ciencias Fisiologicas Y De La Asociacion Latinoamericana De Farmacologia
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Thyroid hormone deficiency impairs insulin secretion and glucose metabolism in rats. Hormone replacement therapy restored normal function, suggesting thyroid hormones regulate insulin release.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Cell Biology
    • Metabolism

    Background:

    • Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in metabolic regulation.
    • The specific impact of thyroid hormone deficiency on pancreatic islet function remains incompletely understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of thyroid hormone deprivation on insulin secretion and pancreatic islet cell function in rats.
    • To determine if hormone replacement therapy can reverse these effects.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied insulin secretion, glucose oxidation, calcium uptake, and pancreatic islet morphology in rats with induced thyroid hormone deficiency.
    • Utilized ultrastructural analysis to examine changes in B cells.
    • Assessed the impact of thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

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    Main Results:

    • Thyroid hormone deficiency led to reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, impaired glucose oxidation, and decreased calcium uptake.
    • Ultrastructural analysis revealed enlarged secretory granules and hyperactive endoplasmic reticulum in B cells.
    • These metabolic and cellular changes were reversed upon restoration of normal thyroid hormone levels (T3 and T4).

    Conclusions:

    • Insulin secretion is, at least partially, regulated by circulating thyroid hormone levels.
    • Thyroid hormones influence insulin secretion by affecting glucose oxidation, calcium uptake, and B cell organelle function.