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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy for Endometrial Cancer at Early Stage with Laparoscopy
Published on: August 19, 2021
Internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy with modified injection technique: A case report
Zhao Bi1, Wei-Zhen Zheng, Heng Qiu
1School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
Internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy (IM-SLNB) identified metastases missed by axillary biopsy in a breast cancer case. This minimally invasive technique improves internal mammary lymph node (IMLN) evaluation for accurate staging and treatment guidance.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Surgical Oncology
- Breast Cancer Research
Background:
- Internal mammary lymph nodes (IMLN) are crucial first-echelon drainage sites for breast cancer metastasis, offering significant prognostic value.
- Axillary lymph node (ALN) assessment is standard, but IMLN status can provide complementary prognostic information.
Observation:
- A case study involving a breast cancer patient with internal mammary sentinel lymph node (IMSLN) metastases but no axillary sentinel lymph node (ASLN) metastases.
- Diagnosis was pT1cN1bM0 breast cancer, highlighting the importance of IMLN assessment.
Findings:
- Internal mammary-sentinel lymph node biopsy (IM-SLNB) successfully identified metastases, upstaging the patient from N0 to N1b.
- The patient received further chemotherapy and irradiation therapy based on the updated nodal staging.
Implications:
- Modified injection techniques enhance the preoperative visualization rate of IMLN.
- IM-SLNB is a minimally invasive approach for evaluating IMLN status, crucial for accurate cancer staging and guiding adjuvant treatment decisions.
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