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Related Concept Videos

Entropy02:39

Entropy

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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Entropy and Solvation02:05

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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities
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Practical device-independent quantum cryptography via entropy accumulation.

Rotem Arnon-Friedman1, Frédéric Dupuis2,3, Omar Fawzi4

  • 1Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH-Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland. rotema@itp.phys.ethz.ch.

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|February 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Device-independent cryptography offers enhanced security, independent of device quality. This study introduces "entropy accumulation" to prove the security of quantum key distribution, making it experimentally accessible.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Cryptography
  • Theoretical Physics

Background:

  • Device-independent cryptography relies on quantum non-locality and Bell inequality violation.
  • Current protocols require experimentally unattainable conditions for high security.
  • Previous security proofs lacked practical parameter optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical framework for device-independent cryptography.
  • To prove the security of device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) with practical parameters.
  • To bridge the gap between theoretical security and experimental feasibility.

Main Methods:

  • Introduced and utilized the property of "entropy accumulation" for large systems.
  • Applied this property to rigorously prove the security of cryptographic protocols.
  • Analyzed security in the context of recent experimental advancements like loophole-free Bell tests.

Main Results:

  • Established a novel theoretical property of entropy applicable to cryptographic security.
  • Achieved essentially optimal parameters for device-independent quantum key distribution.
  • Demonstrated that the required security conditions are becoming technologically accessible.

Conclusions:

  • The "entropy accumulation" property provides a robust foundation for device-independent cryptography.
  • This work paves the way for practical experimental implementations of DIQKD.
  • Theoretical advancements now align with experimental capabilities for secure quantum communication.