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The sandwich priming paradigm does not reduce lexical competitor effects.

Iliyana V Trifonova1, James S Adelman1

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Sandwich priming enhances orthographic effects by preactivating target representations, not by reducing lexical competition. This suggests prelexical processes drive word recognition benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Sandwich priming, a technique involving a preprime-target sequence, enhances orthographic priming effects compared to conventional priming.
  • This enhancement was previously attributed to the elimination of lexical competition, a process where similar words inhibit each other.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the elimination of lexical competition underlies the orthographic priming boost observed with sandwich priming.
  • To compare priming effects across different preprime conditions (no preprime, target preprime, competitor preprime) and assess their impact on lexical competition.

Main Methods:

  • Three lexical decision experiments were conducted using various related prime conditions (replaced-letters, shared neighbor, transposed-all-letter nonwords).
  • Simulations with a competitive network model were used to predict priming effects under different preprime conditions.

Main Results:

  • Contrary to model predictions, a competitor preprime did not attenuate but sometimes reversed the priming effect.
  • The competitor preprime facilitated priming effects that were absent in the conventional (no preprime) condition.

Conclusions:

  • The observed boost in orthographic priming with sandwich priming is not due to reduced lexical competition.
  • Prelexical processes in word recognition are likely responsible for the enhanced orthographic priming effects seen in the sandwich paradigm.