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Related Concept Videos

Line Loss01:10

Line Loss

550
The different configurations of source-load connections include wye (star) and delta connections. The relationship between line and phase voltages and currents varies depending on the configuration. When the source is supplying power, it is transmitted through the wires to the load, and during this transmission, some power is absorbed by the wires, leading to line loss.
Line loss impacts power delivery efficiency in a balanced three-phase circuit. The symmetry in such a circuit simplifies the...
550
Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

396
In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
396
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

596
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
596
Major Losses in Pipes01:28

Major Losses in Pipes

2.0K
When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to viscous...
2.0K
Minor Losses in Pipes01:25

Minor Losses in Pipes

2.0K
In pipe systems, minor losses refer to energy losses arising from components such as valves, bends, fittings, expansions, and other features that disrupt the steady flow of fluid. These disturbances cause energy dissipation through turbulence and resistance, which engineers quantify to manage system efficiency effectively.
Valves play a significant role in generating minor losses by obstructing or redirecting the fluid flow. When a valve is closed or partially closed, it restricts the flow...
2.0K
Energy Losses in Transformers01:21

Energy Losses in Transformers

1.4K
In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
There are four main reasons for energy losses in transformers.
The first cause can be  the high resistance of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Endoscopic Approach for Colloid Cyst Resection
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Endoscopic Approach for Colloid Cyst Resection

Published on: May 23, 2025

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Endoscopic Approach to Traumatic Visual Loss.

Stilianos E Kountakis1, Alberto A J Maillard1, Richard Urso1

  • 11 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas, Houston, Houston, Texas.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|February 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endoscopic optic nerve decompression offers hope for traumatic blindness. This study shows significant visual acuity improvements in patients, even after failed steroid treatments, highlighting the procedure

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Trauma Surgery

Background:

  • Traumatic optic neuropathy is a leading cause of vision loss.
  • Surgical decompression aims to relieve pressure on the optic nerve.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic optic nerve decompression in patients with traumatic blindness.
  • To correlate visual outcomes with preoperative visual loss and intraoperative findings.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 8 patients with traumatic blindness who underwent endoscopic optic canal decompression.
  • Patients received surgery and steroids; outcomes assessed by postoperative visual acuity.

Main Results:

  • Four of six patients with no light perception (NLP) experienced improved visual acuity.
  • Two patients with hand motion vision improved to 20/20 and 20/200, respectively.
  • Four of five patients operated on after failed steroid treatment showed dramatic visual improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Endoscopic optic nerve decompression is a viable surgical option for traumatic blindness.
  • The procedure can lead to significant visual recovery, even in severe cases.