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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

157.4K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
157.4K
Translation01:31

Translation

18.2K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
18.2K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.3K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.3K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

28.0K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
28.0K
Fixed Action Patterns01:06

Fixed Action Patterns

17.7K
A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
17.7K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

15.1K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
15.1K

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Moving knowledge into action for more effective practice, programmes and policy: protocol for a research programme on

Ian D Graham1, Anita Kothari2, Chris McCutcheon3

  • 1School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 307D- 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada. igraham@ohri.ca.

Implementation Science : IS
|February 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Integrated knowledge translation (IKT) involves users in research to bridge the know-do gap. This research tests if engaging knowledge users improves research relevance, applicability, and impact for better health outcomes.

Keywords:
Collaborative researchImplementationIntegrated knowledge translationKnowledge mobilizationKnowledge transferKnowledge translationParticipatory researchResearch co-productionResearch use

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Knowledge Translation
  • Implementation Science

Background:

  • Health research often fails to translate into improved health systems due to the 'know-do gap'.
  • Integrated knowledge translation (IKT) aims to enhance research relevance and impact by involving knowledge users throughout the research process.
  • Despite broad acceptance, empirical evidence supporting IKT's effectiveness and optimal implementation strategies remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the assumption that engaging knowledge users in research production enhances research appreciation, capacity, relevance, and impact.
  • To identify conditions that facilitate the influence of research findings on policy, managerial, and clinical decision-making.
  • To build the scientific evidence base for IKT, including reliable measurement of collaborative research partnerships and their outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • An interdisciplinary, international, and cross-sector program of research utilizing multiple and mixed methods.
  • In-depth case studies of ongoing and future natural IKT experiments, employing both retrospective and prospective longitudinal designs over a 7-year grant period.
  • Real-time study of partnership initiation, funding, research lifecycle, and post-project outcomes within 'living laboratories' to test IKT improvement strategies.

Main Results:

  • This research is expected to provide the first systematic, programmatic evidence on IKT effectiveness.
  • It will establish reliable methods for measuring collaborative research partnerships and their societal impacts.
  • Findings will identify best practices and optimal conditions for implementing IKT to maximize research translation and impact.

Conclusions:

  • Engaging knowledge users throughout the research process is hypothesized to increase research relevance, applicability, and impact.
  • This research program will generate critical evidence to advance the science of IKT and inform its effective implementation.
  • The study aims to enhance the translation of health research into tangible improvements in health systems and population health.