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A flow-chart for developing water quality criteria from two field-based methods.

Susan M Cormier1, Lei Zheng2, Ryan A Hill3

  • 1U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, 26 Martin Luther King Dr. W, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.

The Science of the Total Environment
|February 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Setting water quality criteria using field methods is realistic but challenging. A flowchart guides the selection between two methods, extirpation concentration distribution (XCD) and background-to-criterion (B-C), for estimating specific conductivity (SC) levels harmful to aquatic life.

Keywords:
Dissolved mineralsField-based methodPredicted conductivityStreamWater quality

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Water Quality Assessment

Background:

  • Field-based methods enhance the relevance and realism of water quality criteria development.
  • Challenges exist in applying field-based methods consistently.
  • Specific conductivity (SC) is a key water quality parameter impacting benthic invertebrates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a consistent process for selecting between two field-based methods for estimating specific conductivity (SC) criteria.
  • To provide a flowchart for choosing appropriate methods and results for water quality criteria.
  • To calculate example SC extirpation values for U.S. ecoregions.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of two field-based methods: extirpation concentration distribution (XCD) and background-to-criterion (B-C) model.
  • The B-C model uses least squares regression of XCD 5th centile (XCD05) against background SC estimates.
  • Flowchart selection criteria based on data set characteristics and XCD05 estimation methods.

Main Results:

  • A flowchart was developed to guide the selection of field-based methods for SC criteria.
  • Example SC XCD05 values were calculated for 63 U.S. ecoregions.
  • The B-C approach is viable for estimating SC benchmarks with limited background data, while XCD is suitable for abundant data.

Conclusions:

  • The developed flowchart provides a consistent process for applying field-based methods to set water quality criteria.
  • Both XCD and B-C methods offer valuable approaches for estimating SC benchmarks, depending on data availability.
  • The study illustrates the practical application of these methods across diverse U.S. ecoregions.